![]() The importance of the Papyrus Louvre-Carlsberg manual in reconstructing the embalming process lies in its specification of the process being divided into intervals of four, with the embalmers actively working on the mummy every four days. According to Sofie Schiødt, this would fit well with the red linen procedure described in this manuscript. ![]() This process was repeated at four-day intervals."Īlthough this procedure has not been identified before, Egyptologists have previously examined several mummies from the same period as this manual whose faces were covered in cloth and resin. The red linen is then applied to the dead person's face in order to encase it in a protective cocoon of fragrant and anti-bacterial matter. We get a list of ingredients for a remedy consisting largely of plant-based aromatic substances and binders that are cooked into a liquid, with which the embalmers coat a piece of red linen. "One of the exciting new pieces of information the text provides us with concerns the procedure for embalming the dead person's face. the drying of the body with natron, have been omitted from the text," Sofie Schiødt explains. The text reads like a memory aid, so the intended readers must have been specialists who needed to be reminded of these details, such as unguent recipes and uses of various types of bandages. "Many descriptions of embalming techniques that we find in this papyrus have been left out of the two later manuals, and the descriptions are extremely detailed. The manual has recently been edited by Schiødt. Most secrets of the art were probably passed on orally from one embalmer to the other, Egyptologists believe, so written evidence is scarce until recently, only two texts on mummification had been identified.Įgyptologists were therefore surprised to find a short manual on embalming in a medical text that is primarily concerned with herbal medicine and swellings of the skin. Anthropology.In ancient Egypt, embalming was considered a sacred art, and knowledge of the process was the preserve of very few individuals. The Greco-Roman Worldĭ History General and Old World > DT Africa ![]() School of History and Cultures, Department of Classics, Ancient History and Archaeology (CAHA)ĭ History General and Old World > DE The Mediterranean Region. Type of Work:Ĭolleges (2008 onwards) > College of Arts & Law I examine these ancient sources in order to better understand the nature and development of body-centered funerary practices during this period of Egyptian history. Funerary art, literature, and archaeological material of the Late through Greco-Roman Periods illustrate an increased focus on the integrity of the corpse as well as the manifestation of decay, the liquid \(rDw\). I identify key changes and developments in the embalming ritual from the Late Period through the Ptolemaic Period in order to highlight religious significance placed on embalming during this time period. I focus particularly on the archaeological material and explore the visibility of religious practice in the archaeological record. I utilize these lines of evidence to reconstruct the embalming ritual to the degree possible and analyze the ways in which its various stages were believed to fulfill the ultimate goal of this rite: preservation of the physical body and eternal life for the deceased. Using an interdisciplinary approach, I incorporate primary and secondary texts, Egyptian funerary art and archaeological remains into my study. This thesis explores the embalming ritual of the Egyptian Late Period through Ptolemaic era (664 – 30 BC).
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